Once upon a time there lived a little fairy. Her name was Miranda. She was pretty and she loved to frolic in the warm ocean. She played in the aquamarine waters and rode the white foaming crests of high waves till she landed on snow white surfaces of golden sand. As she scanned the horizon she could see no one and nothing...just a wide stretch of paradise, blue skies and a lovely red Sun. Now we all know that fairies live forever. At least long enough for us to think in terms of 'forever'. And they never grow old. They live as pretty as a lark for as long as they want and then.... they dissapear...
Now, recently Miranda was having a bit of a trouble. Why! the sand was not warm enough these days and the water was cold..and getting colder each day. This worried her. She flew over the blue mountains and scanned the skies. um um..nothing that could be bothersome..except the nagging feeling inside her that things were not quite the same and she had a premonition that it would get even worse. Amidst all this confusion came the cruel winter. And Miranda, as every year, went off to sleep in a little shell on the warm sand, where the ripples from the ocean once in a while rocked her cradle..and she slept on like a baby. The little shell folded itself around her. It would again open with the first hints of the summer Sun......
It was a few millions of years before Miranda woke again. And she woke startled..and cold. Shivering. Where was the sun, where was her shell..and what was this big ugly thing into which she was trapped. She flew to every wall. But it was not to be shattered. It was dark inside and probably dark outside too. Oh! where was her paradise? Who was the ugly grinch who took it away for her...and could she ever ..ever, find her way back to those golden shores she loved so much?
Scientists were excited to have finally 'discovered' a life form in a rock. They said that the rock formed on the ocean floor about two billion years back. This was unprecendented. The sensational news hit major newspaperooms across the globe. They did not yet know what it was or how it lived. But from what little they knew of life forms that old, it seemed that it used to live in tropical coastal waters. Much like that of the present day Caribbean. The 'thing' seemed to have somehow been trapped in the rock which was mostly a mixture of sand and mud. Scientists knew that this rock belonged to a time in history when the earth was covered in ice from pole to pole. Meaning that if a polar bear wanted it could trample all the way from the Arctic across Paris, New York, Capetown and over the Atlantic to have lunch with the penguins in Antarctica. Of course it had to walk pretty quick. But if it wanted it could. You see all the world's ocean at that time was covered in thick ice layers..so thick that wrestlers and polar bears could easily jump on the icy layer without the fear of falling through it into the cold oceans beneath.
Now why did ice do such a thing ? After all now it seems to melt and freeze pretty regularly. Which is why you have glaciers in the winter that melt a little during the summer and grow back again in the winter. Why did it behave so weirdly back then?
Turns out that back in those days the sun was particularly feeble. Young and helpless in those early days when the solar system had just about formed. So the sunshine was not strong enough. But the adolescent earth was very energetic. It wobbled and weebled, flipped and flopped , tossed and turned...and while on its crazy behaviour it might have so happened that it cut itself off from the small heat of the Sun even temporarily (say for a few million years?). Ice crystals saw this oppertunity and slowly assembled to travel all the way from their home in the poles to the tropics. They thought they would warm themselves up a little. After all the Poles are not great places to live in. But Alas! as soon as the ice crystals made their way to the sandy, lovely tropics, they spread their cold so much..that the ocean water, the lakes and all that was on the earth froze over. It was a white, dark, cold, hostile world. A world covered in ice. And because the ice was shiny it refelcted all the sunlight right back into the blue sky where there were no clouds to hold on to the heat and so it escaped unabated leaving behind the icy world.
Miranda couldn't get out of her tough prison. When she was quite tired of running around and crying in vain she fell asleep...again for a long long time. But the next time when she woke up, instead of fruitlessly beating on the walls she started to think. She saw that she was actually floating in ether...and it was full of transparent cells..much like the one she was in..and it had little things trapped inside them ..some even contained the golden sand like material ..maybe a just a little bit darker. Could it be dust..like the ones she saw in the dry summer season blowing out from the sandy sea, far inland? And it started to make sense..maybe the paradise had converted to ether..but if so..where did these sandy things come from? And where there places in the paradise which escaped the brutal ice invasion? or was there a source of these shiny, small things underneath this dark ether?
Scientists think that the end of the cold period lay in the fact that although the globe was frozen on its surface, inside the young earth was just as restless. Infact enough to keep the molten interior moving, sloshing and spewing lots of fiery volcanoes. And boy do volcanoes have heat! Volcanoes spew huge amounts of smoke and gas into the sky. These gases and smokes now start to hold on to those escaping sunrays and heat starts building up in the earth. Legend has it that this heat accumulation over long time eventually did succeed in melting the ice and that forever ended the cold episodes of such a very long time.
But there are problems with this. Turns out that the gases from volcanoes alone cannot hold on to so much heat. And even if it did it would take an awefully long time. Much longer than scientists think the cold weather actually lasted for. What is it that they have missed...they scratched their head even harder looking at this new lifeform they have discovered....
Miranda thought and looked hard..she noticed that shiny things were coming up from somewhere down below...she could not quite see from how deep. And she saw tiny cracks in her prison as it wobbled up close to those shiny things. Looked like they were caught up in some kind of a updraft. Was it warm? For as soon as her prison came into contact with these particles it developed scratches...as if it was melting. And She started to scratch her ideas into the inner face of the walls. Soon it was all filled up with ideas..for she went through a number of cycle of sleeps, looked deep and thought hard.
After what seemed an eternity Miranda noticed that the ether through which she was floating was gradually accumulating more and more of such 'prisons'- each having many many particles...some shiny, some dark..and some even seemed to have somebody trapped in them. Why! there were so many like her. And they were all trapped . So maybe they were all going together somewhere? Maybe this was how she could get back to her paradise?
Miranda started feeling warm...and she saw that her prison was finally melting..just like all the rest and soon before she even knew it she was rushing through torrents of water with the others into huge water bodies !! carrying all the shiny, dusty, sandy things and was hurtled face down onto a sandy surface....aaah!!! liberation!! But soon she was being pushed into the sand. She was screaming. Wanting to get out..breathe...
Scientists looked at the lifeform carefully..and the best they could do was guess that it had forever lived in the ocean water and unable to adjust to the abrupt onset of the cold environment, died. It must have floated in the water for sometime and then come to settle in the ocean bottom. Finally it was buried under layers upon layers of mud and dust that have been liberated from the melting the icy layers as the world was emerging out of the icy seclusion. Yes, thats pretty much what had happened. They were certain.
Miranda knew her wings were torn and lost in the torrents of dust, sand and slosh...she would never fly again. Maybe she could just ride the wave crests..once this nightmare was over and she was back in her paradise...
Photograph by Ritayan Mitra
P.S: There were periods in Earth's history when the Earth was covered in ice from pole to pole. There were several such episodes. The latest were ~ 2.45 Byrs. Geologists refer to such periods as the 'Snowball Earth'. It is not clear how the Earth gets into and out of such a state. It is a field of active research.